There are definitions for the students to complete. As in other regions in the northern hemisphere, the diversity of species decreases from the southern part of greenland towards the more northern areas. An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and microorganism communities and nonliving. Principles and conservation by kumar u and asija mj pdf online. Human society depends on biological resources, their diversity and the ecosystems that sustain them to provide essential goods and services. Biodiversity, besides its ecological significance provides a socioeconomic and monetary asset to the nation. Biodiversity can be measured globally or in smaller settings, such as ponds. Biodiversity conservation provides substantial benefits to meet immediate human needs, such as clean, consistent water flows, protection from floods and storms and a stable climate. Biodiversity science education pdf file 40 pages by. Plants and animals constitute only a small component of biodiversity.
Ecosystem services jacobs, 2014b the promoter of each scheme has submitted a report assessing the existing biodiversity baseline at the site of the scheme proposals and within a surrounding buffer zone, identifying designated sites, habitats and species of importance to biodiversity. Biodiversity encompasses the genetic variety within each species and the variety of ecosystems that species create. Nature tends to increase diversity through the process of succession. Biodiversity loss has negative effects on several aspects of human wellbeing, such as food security, vulnerability to natural disasters, energy security, and access to clean water and raw materials. Pdf an unequivocal, precise, and generally accepted definition of biodiversity does not exist. The ipbes global assessment on biodiversity and ecosystem services is composed of 1 a summary for policymakers spm, approved by the ipbes plenary at its 7th session in may 2019 in paris, france ipbes7. Biodiversity biological diversity is the total variety of living organisms in all ecosystems on earth, the genetic differences between them, and the communities and ecosystems in which they occur. The opposite of biodiversity is referred to as monoculture, or the growing of one. Biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem services 7 biodiversity at a suitable scale, e.
Biodiversity is the variety of living species on earth plants, animals and microorganisms and the ecosystems they form. Apart from the economic importance of conserving biodiversity, there are several cultural, moral and ethical values which. It also affects human health, social relations, and freedom of choice. The red line shows the average change acrossallcombinations ofgenes,species,ortraits. Colombia and kenya, for example, each have more than 1,000 breeding species of birds, whereas the forests of great britain and of eastern north america. To investigate the vital role conservation planning can play in connecting land use planning and biodiversity. Environmental studies pdf notes es pdf notes smartzworld. Wilson version is included below in further definitions as the first recorded definition of the term. Environmental ethics biodiversity preservation stanford. Protecting victorias environment environment environment.
Environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 disclaimer. The majority of articles revolved around ee and esd approaches for learning about environmental topics, including biodiversity. Biodiversity, the variety of life found in a place on earth or, often, the total variety of life on earth. Limited jacobs in its professional capacity as consultants in accordance with the terms and conditions of jacobs contract with the commissioning party the client. An ecosystem can simply be defined as a system, comprising of all living organisms existing with one another in a unit of space. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world. Changes in biodiversity can influence human resources, such as food, energy, and medicines, as well as ecosystem services that human rely onfor example, water purification and recycling. Biodiversity, also called biological diversity, the variety of life found in a place on earth or, often, the total variety of life on earth. Biodiversity provides many key benefits to humans that go beyond the mere provision of raw materials. The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its consequences are immediate. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity outcomes. Unep fi biodiversity and ecosystem services a financial sector briefing 5 mankinds use of biodiversity and ecosystem services bes has contributed to human well being and economic development, however, continuing this use at the current or as predicted.
This science file includes a number of templates for the students to fill in answers to various biodiversity questions. Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life on earth. In fact, high biodiversity, by some measures, can be associated with human use and occupation, as when adding a farming system to a desert raises local diversity. Biodiversity definition biological diversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part.
Biodiversity definition of biodiversity by the free dictionary. A o t t is doc ent the purpose of this document is to provide a primer on the concepts and principles that support cooperative actions to conserve b. Biodiversity definition, examples and threats biology. Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem. Currently, estimates of the extinction rate range from 1,000 to 10,000 times its normal rate as a result of climate change, pollution, deforestation, and other humaninfluenced activities. Biodiversity is not evenly distributed, rather it varies greatly across the globe as well as within regions. There are quite a few forest ecosystem pdf, available for those inclined to research into this further.
Biodiversity includes plants animals and other organisms and is dened in the convention on biological diversity cbd as the variaility among organisms from all sources including terrestrial marine and other auatic ecosystems and the ecological complees of which they. Biodiversity science education pdf file 40 pages by geis19. Biodiversity meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Ecosystems form the foundation of biospheres and determine the life of organisms, everywhere on planet earth. Biodiversity is a term which describes every living organism within a single ecosystem or habitat, including numbers and diversity of species and all environmental aspects such as temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels and climate. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india. This document does not address protecting and managing native vegetation for other, non biodiversity values, including minimising land and water degradation and landscape values. It is the natural wealth of the earth, which supplies all our food and much of our shelter and raw materials.
This figure only includes the species dealt with in the study, so the true number of species is higher. The epbc act prohibits certain actions that, without approval, are likely to or will have a significant impact on the environment. Thegreypolygonrepresents the 95% confidence interval, whereas red dots give maximum and minimum. The biodiversity collaborative group has completed its report to the government as required by the terms of reference. Biodiversity is a generic term that can be related to many environments and species, for example, forests, freshwater, marine and temperate environments, the soil, crop plants, domestic animals, wild species and microorganisms. The views and opinions contained in this document are not necessarily those of the australian government. Along with forest policy, it is fundamental to redesign the new forest act, national parks and wildlife. A common measure of this variety, called species richness, is the count of species in an area. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species on earth, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. Besides all forms of life have a right to exist on the earth. The study of the spatial distribution of organisms, species and ecosystems, is the science of biogeography. Biodiversity i t is estimated that 99% of the species that once roamed earth have now gone extinct. While earths biodiversity is so rich that many species have yet to be discovered, many species are being threatened with extinction due to human activities, putting the earths magnificent biodiversity at risk. Species interactions introduction to unit 4 ecology, population, community definition species interactions and interaction graph sort.
Biodiversity is a compound word derived from biological diversity and therefore is considered to have the same meaning. There are systematic processes for evaluation solutions with respect to how well they meet the criteria and constraints of a problem. Hence, not all natural systems maximize biodiversity when left undisturbed see brennan and lo 2010. These include drinkable water, clean air, and fertile soils. The latter phenomenon can be temporary or permanent, depending on whether the environmental degradation that leads to the loss is reversible through ecological restoration ecological resilience or.
Limited this document has been prepared by a division, subsidiary or affiliate of jacobs u. Much has been published on the subject since its first appearance at the national forum on biodiversity in september, 1986, the proceedings of which became the bestseller, biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystem they form. Species organisms that have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring 4. It has been estimated that more than 50 million species of plants, animals and microorganisms are. Convention on biological diversity preamble the contracting parties, conscious of the intrinsic value of biological diversity and of the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components. No article provided a precise definition of biodiversity education but rather prescribed guidelines and suggestions. On 25 october 2018, the group provided its recommendations in the form of a draft national policy statement on indigenous biodiversity nps and a report on complementary and supporting measures to maintain biodiversity and. An ecosystem is the name given to all living species that live together in a stable community, interacting with one another and their physical environment. On 25 october 2018, the group provided its recommendations in the form of a draft national policy statement on indigenous biodiversity nps and a report on complementary and supporting measures to maintain biodiversity and support it to thrive. Do you know that the invisible microor ganisms constitute a lar ge component of biodiversity. The loss of populations, species, or groups of species from an ecosystem can upset its normal function and disrupt these ecological services.
The levels of organization of biodiversity include ecosystems, species and genes. During the biodiversity assessment some 9,400 species have been recorded table 3. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the equator, which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Ecological concepts, principles and applications to. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity. From the hot arid deserts of the sahara, through the lush green rainforests of the amazon, to the ocean depths and bright corals, our natural world is a marvel of different landscapes, materials, colours and textures. Biodiversity definition, diversity among and within plant and animal species in an environment. Planning definitions for the purpose of this document, the. Biodiversity loss is the extinction of species plant or animal worldwide, and also the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat. Natural environment, resources and development notes diversity, ii species diversity and iii ecosystem diversity.
However the need for such a definition that is both. Notes on definition the cbd definition is the internationally accepted definition of biodiversity. Biodiversity threats weston w sechrest,university of virginia, charlottesville, virginia, usa thomas m brooks, center for applied biodiversity science conservation international, washington dc, usa any direct or indirect human activity that threatens the planets biological diversity in the. A biologically diverse ecosystem, such as an old growth forest or tropical rain forest, is healthy, complex and stable. Biodiversity includes the diversity within species and between. Among other factors, the diversity of all living things depends on temperature, precipitation, altitude, soils, geography and the presence of other species. Biodiversity encompasses all components of the living world. Download free sample and get upto 30% off on mrprental. Conservation of agricultural biodiversity, development and. Ecological concepts, principles and applications to conservation. The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and while reasonable care has been taken in its compilation, the. Practical strategies to achieve general biodiversity principles from.
General management principles and a checklist of strategies to guide forest biodiversity conservation. The concept of biodiversity has provoked considerable debate and misunderstanding among the general public, decisionmakers, and even the scientific community. However, this is not to say that such measures are mutually exclusive. Extinction results in a dramatic loss of biodiversity. Biodiversity also supplies indirect services to humans which are often taken for granted. Environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999.