Dengue virus current topics in microbiology and immunology 338 rothman, alan l. Most infected people experience dengue fever, with terrible headaches and fever and rashes that last 12 weeks. Intact platelets squares or platelets subjected to 3 cycles of freezethaw at. The dataset consisting of 990 complete genome sequences of strains of dengue virus serotype 2 denv2 was compiled from the dengue virus variation resource at national center for biotechnology information resch et al. Hla and other gene associations with dengue disease severity \ h. Dengue is a mosquitotransmitted virus and the leading cause of arthropodborne viral disease in the world. It is also known as breakbone fever due to the severity of muscle spasms and joint pain, dandy fever, or sevenday fever because of the usual duration of symptoms. They are small enveloped viruses containing a singlestrand rna genome of positive polarity.
It is caused by the 4 serotype of dengue virus and is transmitted with in human through female aedes mosquito. Nearly all dengue cases reported in the 48 contiguous us states were in travelers infected elsewhere. The flavivirus genome consists of approximately rna 11,000 base pairs bp, which translate into three structural and seven nonstructural proteins see chimeric virus vaccines. Virus pathogen database and analysis resource vipr. Dengue viruses are spread by mosquitos and can cause a deadly hemorrhagic fever or a milder illness.
These genomes contain bases different from those of the original prototype strains in genbank. Dengue virus denv infection is the most common arthropodborne viral infection in humans. Utilizing highthroughput, massively parallel sequencing methodologies, or nextgeneration sequencing. Four distinct serotypes of the dengue virus dengue1, dengue2, dengue3, and dengue4 exist, with numerous virus strains found worldwide. It is a mosquitoborne, single positivestranded rna virus of the family flaviviridae. From origin to outbreak provides a detailed accounting of one of the worlds fastest growing infections. Insights into dengue virus genome replication future virology. Dengue virus denv, a mosquitoborne flavivirus, is the causative agent of dengue fever, currently one of the most significant emerging disease challenges to global public health. This enveloped virus contains a positive singlestranded rna genome. Dengue is common in the us territories of puerto rico, the us virgin islands, and american samoa. The rapidly expanding global footprint of dengue is a public health challenge with an economic burden.
In the united states, local dengue outbreaks most recently occurred in hawaii 2015, florida. Dengue is the most common mosquitoborne infection worldwide and a serious threat to global public health. This lesson covers the differences between the types dengue viruses and how they cause disease. Each year, an estimated 390 million people are infected. Complete genome sequences of dengue virus type 1 to 4 strains. It is a small virus that carries a single strand of rna as its genome.
Genotyping was performed using nucleotide sequence of whole genome or. Cellular immunology of sequential dengue virus infection and its role in disease pathogenesis \ alan l. Dengue virus evolution and virulence models clinical. Fulllength genome and molecular characterization of dengue virus. This note displays 22 virus images such as vertebrate virus families such as bunyamwera virus, coronaviruses, ebola virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, coronaviruses, herpes simplex virus, human adenovirus, human rotavirus, influenza virus, lacrosse virus, lassa virus, marburg virus.
Opening doors to the possibility of developing new vaccines and antiviral agents to fight a host of insectborne diseases, scientists have, for the first time, determined the structure of a family of viruses known as the flaviviruses. The overall fit of the 90 tbev e dimer structures to the cryoem map of dengue virus gives a satisfying, closepacking arrangement figures 3b and 3d. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Complete genome sequences of four serotypes of dengue virus. According to the world health organization, dengue virus incidence has increased 30fold over the past 50 years, with up to 50 to 100 million infections occurring annually in over 100 endemic countries. Notably, the multifunctional ns1 protein readily tolerated insertions in regions within the wing, connector, and. Molecular epidemiology of dengue viruses from complete genome sequences inauguraldissertation zur. Dengue virus current topics in microbiology and immunology 338. A mutation in ns2a protein blocked virus replication. Pdf dengue fever is still the most important mosquitoborne viral disease in indonesia. In some cases, the virus weakens the circulatory system and can lead to deadly hemorrhaging. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been. Molecular insight into dengue virus pathogenesis and its.
Because viral replication or nucleic acid can be measured. New techniques have largely replaced the use of denv isolation in disease diagnosis. It is the fastest spreading vectorborne viral disease and is now endemic in over 100 countries, resulting in 40% of the worlds population living in an area at risk for dengue. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Molecular epidemiology of dengue viruses from complete. Dengue, dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, dengue shock syndrome dss s new who classification categorizes dengue into dengue, with and without warning signs, and severe. Detection, diagnosis and control virology research progress basak ganim, basak ganim, adam reis on. Dengue virus has singlestranded positivesense rna genome of about 11 kbp long, surrounded by a nucleocapsid and covered by a lipid envelope that contains the viral glycoproteins. Due to the lack of available data, epidemiological models rarely account for the dynamic nature of this process and its natural variation among arbovirus strains. In this study, we experimentally monitored the dynamics of mosquito infection by eight strains of dengue. Since the dengue virus was first isolated in 1943, studies to understand the pathogenesis of dengue has long been hindered by the lack of suitable experimental models. Dengue infection may be subclinical or symptomatic. Pdf genetic and biological characteristics of dengue viruses. Although most cases are asymptomatic, severe illness and death may occur.
Plateletdependent replication of the dengue virus genome. The fda announced approval of dengvaxia vaccine for prevention of dengue disease caused by all dengue serotypes in people ages 916 who have laboratoryconfirmed prior infection and live in endemic areas. Examples include ponds, buckets of water, animal dishes, and. Current study was conducted in the autumn season of 2015 to determine the prevalence of dengue fever virus in district. Three of these are structural proteins that form the coat of the virus and deliver the rna to target cells, and seven of them are nonstructural proteins that orchestrate the production of new viruses once the virus gets inside the cell. Zika virus was discovered in a sentinel monkey in uganda in 1947. Hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are the most serious clinical manifestations of viral infection and it has been suggested that. Dengue virus is a mosquitoborne virus that causes dengue fever in humans. Aedes mosquitoes transmit the virus and are common. Feat provides insights into west nile, yellow fever and other flaviviruses. Dengue viruses may also be transmitted through breast milk. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.
Dengue is a mosquitoborne flavivirus found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mostly in urban and semiurban settings. Free virology books download ebooks online textbooks. Pdf dengue is the most frequently reported human viral disease transmitted by arthropod vectors. Dengue virus denv is a flavivirus and a cause of severe infections in humans. Analysis of genotype diversity and evolution of dengue. Dengue virus may be passed from a mother to her unborn baby. Dengue virus dengue viruses are transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, primarily aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. Denv is an single stranded rna positivestrand virus of the family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus. Role of the dengue virus 5 and 3 untranslated regions in viral replication. The flavivirus genome consists of approximately rna 11,000 base pairs bp, which translate into three structural and seven nonstructural proteins see chimeric virus vaccines later. Dengue fever df is common mosquito born disease caused by dengue virus 1. This genus includes also the west nile virus, tickborne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and several other viruses which ma. Molecular cloning methods have led to a greater understanding of the structure of the rna genome and definition of virusspecific structural and nonstructural proteins. How dengue virus infects cells national institutes of.
Dengue virus can be vertically transmitted to the fetus in utero or to the infant at parturition pouliot 2010. The capsid is made up of glycoproteins arranged in geometric patterns with two, three, and fivefold symmetry. The denv2 serotype is divided into six known genotypes such as asian i ai, asian ii aii, american am. Recently, virusinduced apoptosis mediated by the unfolded protein response upr has been hypothesised to represent a crucial pathogenic event in viral infection. The viral genomes resource is a collection of viral genomic sequences that is a part of the entrez genomes, which provides curated sequence data and annotations of complete genomes to. Ns2a protein is majorly involved in rna replication and viral assembly.
Dengue is a selflimited, systemic viral infection transmitted between humans by mosquitoes. Assembly of all sequenced overlapping fragments obtained by rtpcr resulted in a genome of 10,622 nts with a complete coding region encoding for 3392 amino acids aa flanked by 94 and 349 nts at the 5 utr and 3 utr, respectively. Dengue is transmitted between humans by mosquitoes. Although dengue is an old disease, recent decades have seen an unprecedented increase in the geographic range, incidence, and severity of infection. A retrospective study found no evidence that yellow fever vaccination in dengueendemic areas increases risk for severe dengue fever.
University of groningen molecular mechanisms of dengue virus. Frontiers in dengue virus research caister academic press. Dengue is endemic throughout the tropics and subtropics and is a leading cause of febrile illness among travelers returning from latin america, the caribbean, and southeast asia. The researchers tagged dengue virus and cell membranes with fluorescent probes that glow when the virus and membranes fuse. Dengue virus denv is a mosquitotransmitted rna virus that infects an. These sets associate to form a herringbone configuration on the viral surface. Hosting the virus appears to have no cost to the arthropod vector, which remains infected for life.
The mechanisms of pathogenesis of dengue remain elusive. Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The viral genomes resource is a collection of viral genomic sequences that is a part of the entrez genomes, which provides curated sequence data and annotations of complete genomes to the scientific community. The emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in most tropical countries has made its control a public health priority, but no vaccines or treatments exist. The virus is most commonly spread to a human through the bite of an infected mosquito. Of these, a aegypti is an invasive species of mosquito that is found widely in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and is the primary vector of not only denv, but also of yellow fever virus and chikungunya virus chikv 20. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. You may be at risk for dengue virus if you travel or live in an area with infected mosquitos. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of. Dengue presents the most uptodate overview of the field, encompassing various aspects of epidemiology, virus research, clinical management of the disease, pathogenesis, vector control and diagnosis. A risk to anyone traveling to a tropical or subtropical region of the world where dengue virus is found. Detection, diagnosis and control virology research progress. Dengue is caused by dengue virus denv, a mosquitoborne flavivirus. Denv1 through denv4 are members of the flavivirus group of the virus family flaviviridae.
Genomewide mutagenesis of dengue virus reveals plasticity of. Dengue virus is a small virus that carries a single strand of rna as its genome. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Zika virus is an arbovirus in the flavivirus family that includes yellow fever, west nile, dengue, and japanese encephalitis viruses. Dengue virus, a member of the flaviviridae family of positivestrand rna viruses, is also known to share these errorprone characteristics 3. Capsid and envelope, capsid and envelope, positivestrand rna genome packaging, genome packaging, the structure of a herpesvirus, enveloped viruses, poxvirus particle, bacteriophages, baculoviridae. Dengue in the us states and territories dengue cdc. The literature has been touched by famous names in medicine benjamin rush, walter reed, and albert sabin, to name a very few and has been fertile ground for medical historians. Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control pdf. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever have emerged as some of the most important mosquitoborne viral diseases in the tropics. Dengue virus current topics in microbiology and immunology scientific research on dengue has a long and rich history. Chernomordik at nihs eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development nichd set out to investigate how the dengue virus fuses with its target membranes.
In order to characterize the denv1jeddah12011 isolate, the full genome was sequenced. They are small enveloped viruses containing a singlestrand rna genome of. Dengue virus serotype infection specifies the activation. Dengue virus binding and replication by platelets blood.
Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Pdf nextgeneration whole genome sequencing of dengue virus. Dengue virus transmission has increased dramatically in the past 2 decades, making this virus one of the most important mosquitoborne human pathogens. Epidemiological significance of dengue virus genetic. The dengue virus structure has sets of three, nearly parallel dimers. Cases of dengue transmission via infected blood products and organ donation have also been reported 18 19, as has vertical transmission from mother to child in utero or at birth 20. Frontiers in dengue virus research books in microbiology. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years.